ffu;%Sf.a isyskh ienefjhs 

jir 2500lg;a jvd merKs wfma rfÜ c,dY%s; YsIagdpdrfha fm%!v;ajh lshd mdk fhdaO jdß moaO;shla wmg ysñj ;sfnkjd' fudr.ylkafoa fõ,a,la ne| fl;a ìï ire lsÍug rcrgg c,h f.k hdug óg j¾I 1800lg fmr jiN rcq lghq;= l<d' wfma uq;=ka ñ;a;ka .sh mdf¾ hñka" wo jvd;a jeä ÈhqKq lr kej;;a ta neïu n¢kjd' ta neïu r|d .kafka yqfola c,h muKla fkdfjhs' wfma ixialD;sh;a" iïm%odh;a" úYajdi l%uh;a fï neïu úiska kej; Yla;su;a lrkjd' wmf.a jdß YsIagdpdrfha uydkqNdjh úia;r lsÍug ug ,eî ;sfnk ld,h m%udKj;a kE' kuq;a ta b;d jeo.;a iïm%odfha w¾:h uyd mrdl%undyq rc;=ukaf.am%ldYh;=< .eí ù ;sfnkjd' “wyiska jefgk tla Èh ì|laj;a ñksidf.a fiajhg fhdod fkdf.k uqyqog .,d hd fkdÈh hq;=hs”' t;=uka f.dvke.+ mrdl%u iuqo%h fuka mia .=Khla úYd, c,dYhla bÈlrñka isák fmdf<dkakrefõ rc l< mrdl%undyq rcqf.a msh igyka wkq.ukh lrkjd

fï jHdmD;sh" läkï uyje,s fhdackd l%uh hgf;a ie,iqï l< m%Odk c,dYhkaf.ka miajeks iy wjika c,dYhhs' uyje,s fhdackd l%uh iïmQ¾K fldg ksud flfrkafka j;auka ckdêm;s ;=udf.a kdhl;ajfhka' óg jir ;sia mylg fmr" läkï uyje,s fhdackd l%uh Èh;a lsÍug Wr ÿka ks,Odßka wo;a iïnkaO ù isákjd fudr.ylkao fhdackd l%uh Èh;a lrkúg tod f,dal nexl=j we;=¿ m%Odk wdOdr fok wdh;k wmg tod r;= t<s oe,ajQjd' tfy;a" ta wdKavqj" ia:sr wêIagdkfhka hq;=j uyje,s jHdmdrh bÈßhg f.k .shd' tys id¾:l m%;sM, wo olskak mqÆjka 1980 oYlfha § úlafgdaßhd" rkafoks.,)rkagefò" fld;auf,a hk úYd, uyje,s c,dY bÈflreKd' bka miq" 2012 j¾Ifha§ by< fld;auf,a c,dYh;a iïmQ¾K lsÍfuka miq cd;sl úÿ,s n, moaO;shg wvq úhoï úÿ,sh tla flreKd'

wd¾:sl m%;s,dNw;ska ne¨ úg" fuh b;d M,odhS jHdmD;shla' cd;sl úÿ,s n, moaO;shg fu.d fjdÜ 25la fï jHdmD;sfhka tl;= fjkjd' ud;f,a" fmdf<dkakrej" ;%sl=Kdu,h" iy wkqrdOmqr Èia;%lalj, f.dú mjq,a 87' 000 lf.a f.dúìï fj; h, uy folkakfha u c,h ,efnkjd' fylaghdr 82"000 la úh,s ìï kej; j.d flfrkjd' wÆ;ska fylaghdr 5"000la cd;sl lDIsl¾u ksIamdokhg tl;= fjkjd' ñßÈh ëjr wiajekakg jd¾Islj fug%sla fgdka 4"500la tl;= fjkjd' hdmkfha iy ls,sfkdÉÑfha ,laI ;=k yudrla ck;djg mdkSh c,h imhñka brKuvq c,dYh fmdaIKh lrkjd' ta jf.au" .xj;=r md,khg;a l¾udka; lgh;= i|yd c,h iemhSug;a yels fjkjd'

fudr.ylkao ) lÆ.Û jHdmD;sh iudc m%;s,dN‍f.k fokjd' .=refj, iy ,.a., k.r" kj mdi,a" mßmd,k f.dvke.s,s" ;eme,a y,a iy fi!LH fiajdjkaf.ka iukaú; kùk k.r f,i ixj¾Okh flrkjd' jHdmD;sh fya;=fjka ksjdi iy bvï wysñ jk ck;dj kej; mÈxÑ lr Tjqkag jkaÈ f.jd wjika' .=refj, msysá kj f.dúm< u.ska ck;djg kQ;k f.dú;eka l%u y÷kajd fokjd' ck;djf.a Ôjk nr fukau" fi!LH mSvdjka o ;=kS lsÍsug iu;a ldnksl lDIsld¾ñl oekqu m%j¾Okh flfrkjd'

mßirh iy ffcj úúO;ajh wdrlaId lsÍug fï jHdmD;sh úfYaI mshjr f.k ;sfnkjd' foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihka iy mdßißl n,mEu ms<sn| úfYaI{fhla jYfhka ud ta mshjr w.h lrkjd' wUka .fÛa fmdaIl m%foaYfha fylaghdr 1356la úYd, jk j.d jevigykla Èh;a lr ;sîu b;d jeo.;a' fylaghdr 650la wdjrKh jk mßÈ fudr.ylkao c,dYh jgd óg¾ 100l wdrlaIs; iSudjla kshu lr ;sîu;a b;d jeo.;a'jia.uqj cd;sl jfkdaoHdkh ;j;a iqrlaIs; jk wkaoñka .sß;f,a iy ñkafkaßh w;r w,s)uxlvla bÈ lr ;sfnkjd' wjg ;sfnk jeõ m%;sixialrKh lr tajd wdl%uKsl me<eáj,ska uqojdf.k ;sfnkjd' kej; mÈxÑ l<.ïudkj, wdrlaIdj ;yjqre flfrkafka úÿ,s w,s jegla u.ska'

mdßißl fldaKfhka ne¨ úg jvd;au jeo.;a ldrKh jkafka" fï jHdmD;sh u.ska Y%S ,xldfõ lDIsld¾ñl iy mdßißl jYfhka fukau iudc)wd¾:sl jYhà·›kq;a foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdihkag Tfrd;a;= §fï yelshdj b;d úYd, f,i j¾Okh lsÍuhs' ld,.=K úm¾hdi iïnkaOfhka ne¨ úg" fï j¾Ifha uq,a Nd.fha §" widudkH wkaofï WKqiqï ld,.=Khla mej;=Kd' ta jf.au" widudkH wkaofï by< j¾Idm;khla o weo yeÆKd' miq.sh wjqreÿ oyhl ld,h ;=<" fld<U k.rh wvqu .dfka" mia j;djla .xj;=rg hg ù" úYd, há;, myiqlï úkdYhla isÿ jqKd' miq.sh oYl lsysmh;=<" rfÜ Ôjkd,sh n÷ uyje,s lDIsld¾ñl m%foaY .xj;=r iy kshx ;¾ckhg uqyqK ÿka wdldrh wms ÿgqjd' fudaiï jeis iy fjk;a foaY.=Ksl ;;a;ajhkaf.a fjkiaùu Èfkka Èk jeä fjkjd' fï ishji wjika jk úg uy lkakh j.d lsÍu i|yd wog jvd 20]la jeäfhka c,h wjYH jk nj .Kka n,d ;sfnkjd' “my;a ;ekska j;=r .,k” whqßkau ld,.=Ksl úm¾hdihkaf.a wksgq n,mEu jeäfhkau oefkkafka È<s÷ f.dùkag'

fudr.ylkao)lÆ.Û jHdmD;sh hgf;a wdjrKh jk m%foaYj, ck;djf.ka nyq;rhlaf.dùka' uE;l § isÿ l< mÍlaIK u.ska fmkajd § ;sfnk jeo.;a lreKla ;ud ld,.=Ksl úm¾hdi u.ska lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdokh ÿ¾j, úh yels nj' túg" È<s÷nj ;j ÿrg;a jeä jk w;r ukaofmdaIKh iy wdodhï mr;rh ;jÿrg;a j¾Okh jkakg bv ;sfnkjd' tfia jqjfyd;a" ldka;djkakqmqyqKq úfoia /lshd i|yd ueo fmrÈ. fj; we§ hdug;a bv ;sfnkjd' lÆ.Û)fudr.ylkao jHdmD;sh ksid foaY.=K n,mEïj,g jvd;a id¾:lj uqyqK §fï yelshdj Y%S ,xldjg ,efnkjd

fuu jHdmD;sh id¾:l lr .ekSug buy;a fiajhla lrk Tn;=ukag cd;sfha m%Kduh ysñ úh hq;=hs' ta jf.au" uyje,s jHdmdrh id¾:l lr .ekSug odhl jQ ks,OdÍkaf.ka bgq ù we;s fiajh w.h l< hq;=hs' fudr.ylkao jHdmD;sh ie,iqï flrefKa 1958 j¾Ifha§' kuq;a th hï wdldrhl miqnEulg ,la j ;snqKd' jdikdjlg fuka" 1990 oYlfha§ ffu;%s m,isßfik uq,a ù thg h<s mK ÿkakd' Tn ;=udf.a ta ia:sr wêIaGdkh fya;=fjka" Ök rcfha fvd,¾ ì,shk 310 wodr hgf;a lDIsl¾u ixj¾Ok weu;sjrhd jYfhka 2007 jif¾§ Bg uq,a ., ;enqKd'th tod ffu;%s md,isßfik weu;sjrhdg isyskh ienelr.kak fkd,efnkafka ish úIh m:fhka jdßud¾. uyje,s fldgi bj;afldg ksu,a isßmd, weu;sjrhdg ndr§u;a iu.hs'tod Ök rch ,ndÿka kh wodr uqo,a uyskao rdcmlaI uy;d úiska fjk;a úhmD;s ioyd fhdojñka fudr.y lkao fhdackd l%uh iïmq¾Kfhka kj;d oukjd'wo ta weu;s jrhd ckdêm;s ù isákjd we;af;kau" uyje,s c,h W;=rg f.k hd hq;=hs fhdackd lf<a ffu;%Smd, fiakdkhl ue;s;=ud 1960 oYlfha§' jir 50lg miqj" ta isyskh ienE lsÍug yels jQfha ffu;%Smd, isßfiak kï jk j¾;udk ckdêm;sjrhdf.a ia:sr wêIaGdkh iy lemùu hgf;a' th rfÜ uyd Nd.Hhla` cd;sfha mskla`